Company · CIK 0001099219 · SIC 6311 — Life Insurance · NYSE
METLIFE INC · MET
Insider activity reported against this company. All insider holders · Files at: BHF. On EDGAR ↗
Reported at this company — common stock
| Trade | Reported (ET) | Insider | Shares | Avg price | Total | Owned after | Δ stake | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 15, 4:30 pm EDT | Edward J Kelly IIIDirector | 3,550 | $42.26 | $150,023 | 6,659 | — | plan? |
| Jun 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 15, 4:30 pm EDT | Alfred F Kelly Jr.Director | 3,550 | $42.26 | $150,023 | 35,405 | — | plan? |
| Jun 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 15, 4:30 pm EDT | Robert Glenn HubbardDirector | 3,550 | $42.26 | $150,023 | 40,291 | — | plan? |
| Jun 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 15, 4:29 pm EDT | Carlos M GutierrezDirector | 3,550 | $42.26 | $150,023 | 12,478 | — | plan? |
| Jun 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 15, 4:29 pm EDT | Cheryl W GriseDirector | 3,550 | $42.26 | $150,023 | 42,302 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:23 pm EDT | Cheryl W GriseDirector | 314 | $42.90 | $13,492 | 38,752 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:22 pm EDT | Robert Glenn HubbardDirector | 268 | $42.90 | $11,478 | 36,741 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:22 pm EDT | Alfred F Kelly Jr.Director | 211 | $42.90 | $9,066 | 31,855 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:21 pm EDT | Edward J Kelly IIIDirector | 29 | $42.90 | $1,232 | 3,109 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:21 pm EDT | William E KennardDirector | 65 | $42.90 | $2,781 | 7,016 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:20 pm EDT | James M KiltsDirector | 321 | $42.90 | $13,755 | 34,985 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:19 pm EDT | Catherine R KinneyDirector | 149 | $42.90 | $6,380 | 29,951 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:19 pm EDT | Kenton J SicchitanoDirector | 25 | $42.90 | $1,061 | 27,015 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:18 pm EDT | Steven A KandarianChairman, President & CEO, Director | 1,252 | $42.90 | $53,717 | 220,850 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:17 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 341 | $42.90 | $14,626 | 107,273 | — | plan? |
| Jun 13, 2016 AForm 4 → | Jun 14, 4:17 pm EDT | Frans HijkoopEVP & Chief HR Officer | 216 | $42.90 | $9,285 | 55,350 | — | plan? |
| Jun 1, 2016 SForm 4 → | Jun 3, 4:20 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $45.15 | $189,630 | 106,932 | −3.78% | plan? |
| Jun 1, 2016 MForm 4 → | Jun 3, 4:20 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $29.34 | $123,248 | 109,132 | — | plan? |
| May 2, 2016 SForm 4 → | May 4, 4:18 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $45.46 | $190,932 | 106,932 | −3.78% | plan? |
| May 2, 2016 MForm 4 → | May 4, 4:18 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $29.34 | $123,248 | 109,132 | — | plan? |
| Apr 18, 2016 SForm 4 → | Apr 20, 4:11 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,200 | $45.00 | $99,000 | 106,932 | −2.02% | plan? |
| Apr 18, 2016 MForm 4 → | Apr 20, 4:11 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,200 | $34.84 | $76,648 | 109,132 | — | plan? |
| Apr 1, 2016 SForm 4 → | Apr 4, 4:16 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,000 | $43.79 | $87,580 | 106,932 | −1.84% | plan? |
| Apr 1, 2016 MForm 4 → | Apr 4, 4:16 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,000 | $23.30 | $46,600 | 108,932 | — | plan? |
| Mar 30, 2016 SForm 4 → | Mar 31, 4:13 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,400 | $45.00 | $198,000 | 106,932 | −3.95% | plan? |
| Mar 30, 2016 MForm 4 → | Mar 31, 4:13 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,400 | $34.84 | $153,296 | 111,332 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 5:07 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 310 | $43.90 | $13,596 | 106,932 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:32 pm EDT | James M KiltsDirector | 291 | $43.90 | $12,786 | 34,665 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:31 pm EDT | Robert Glenn HubbardDirector | 243 | $43.90 | $10,670 | 36,473 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:22 pm EDT | Kenton J SicchitanoDirector | 22 | $43.90 | $986 | 26,990 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:22 pm EDT | Catherine R KinneyDirector | 135 | $43.90 | $5,931 | 29,802 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:21 pm EDT | William E KennardDirector | 59 | $43.90 | $2,585 | 6,951 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:15 pm EDT | Alfred F Kelly Jr.Director | 192 | $43.90 | $8,427 | 31,643 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:15 pm EDT | Edward J Kelly IIIDirector | 26 | $43.90 | $1,145 | 3,081 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:13 pm EDT | Steven A KandarianChairman, President & CEO, Director | 1,137 | $43.90 | $49,933 | 219,598 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:13 pm EDT | Frans HijkoopEVP & Chief HR Officer | 197 | $43.90 | $8,631 | 55,134 | — | plan? |
| Mar 14, 2016 AForm 4 → | Mar 15, 4:12 pm EDT | Cheryl W GriseDirector | 286 | $43.90 | $12,541 | 38,437 | — | plan? |
| Mar 1, 2016 SForm 4 → | Mar 2, 4:15 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,000 | $39.97 | $79,940 | 106,623 | −1.84% | plan? |
| Mar 1, 2016 MForm 4 → | Mar 2, 4:15 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,000 | $23.30 | $46,600 | 108,623 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 DMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:48 pm EST | Christopher G TownsendPresident, Asia | 11,566 | $39.80 | $230,165 | 0 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 DMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:48 pm EST | Michel KhalafPresident, EMEA | 12,072 | $39.81 | $240,308 | 20,781 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:47 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 9,435 | $39.84 | $125,371 | 106,623 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:47 pm EST | Martin J LippertEVP Global Technology | 15,939 | $39.82 | $227,395 | 48,519 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:46 pm EST | Steven A KandarianChairman, President & CEO, Director | 52,696 | $39.81 | $716,342 | 218,461 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:46 pm EST | Frans HijkoopEVP & Chief HR Officer | 8,681 | $39.83 | $105,347 | 54,937 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:45 pm EST | John C.R. HeleEVP & Chief Financial Officer | 9,210 | $39.63 | $106,559 | 34,268 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:45 pm EST | Steven J GoulartEVP & Chief Investment Officer | 9,920 | $39.86 | $128,021 | 50,359 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:44 pm EST | Peter M CarlsonEVP & Chief Accounting Officer | 3,731 | $39.79 | $40,111 | 29,914 | — | plan? |
| Feb 25, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 29, 4:43 pm EST | Ricardo AnzalduaEVP and General Counsel | 3,295 | $39.42 | $37,922 | 10,458 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 DMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:31 pm EST | Christopher G TownsendPresident, Asia | 5,188 | $38.56 | $100,025 | 0 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 DMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:31 pm EST | Michel KhalafPresident, EMEA | 5,188 | $38.56 | $100,025 | 20,781 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:30 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 3,561 | $38.56 | $37,288 | 103,482 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:29 pm EST | Martin J LippertEVP Global Technology | 6,822 | $38.56 | $94,241 | 44,002 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:29 pm EST | Steven A KandarianChairman, President & CEO, Director | 24,624 | $38.56 | $324,212 | 201,753 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:28 pm EST | Frans HijkoopEVP & Chief HR Officer | 3,664 | $38.56 | $41,259 | 51,546 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:27 pm EST | John C.R. HeleEVP & Chief Financial Officer | 6,869 | $38.56 | $77,313 | 30,436 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:26 pm EST | Steven J GoulartEVP & Chief Investment Officer | 4,452 | $38.56 | $46,619 | 46,863 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:25 pm EST | Peter M CarlsonEVP & Chief Accounting Officer | 1,721 | $38.56 | $17,930 | 28,199 | — | plan? |
| Feb 24, 2016 FMForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:24 pm EST | Ricardo AnzalduaEVP and General Counsel | 3,662 | $38.56 | $41,182 | 9,087 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 ADForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:40 pm EST | Michel KhalafPresident, EMEA | 36,570 | $38.42 | $1,405,019 | 20,781 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 ADForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:33 pm EST | Christopher G TownsendPresident, Asia | 33,958 | $38.42 | $1,304,666 | 0 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 AFForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:32 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 26,889 | $38.42 | $1,033,075 | 101,855 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 AFForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:31 pm EST | Martin J LippertEVP Global Technology | 45,025 | $38.42 | $1,729,861 | 42,068 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 AFForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:30 pm EST | Steven A KandarianChairman, President & CEO, Director | 154,861 | $38.42 | $5,949,760 | 193,945 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 AFForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:29 pm EST | Frans HijkoopEVP & Chief HR Officer | 25,818 | $38.42 | $991,928 | 50,022 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 AFForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:28 pm EST | John C.R. HeleEVP & Chief Financial Officer | 14,738 | $38.42 | $566,234 | 27,577 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 AFForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:28 pm EST | Steven J GoulartEVP & Chief Investment Officer | 28,669 | $38.42 | $1,101,463 | 44,829 | — | plan? |
| Feb 23, 2016 AFForm 4 → | Feb 25, 4:27 pm EST | Peter M CarlsonEVP & Chief Accounting Officer | 10,764 | $38.42 | $413,553 | 27,408 | — | plan? |
| Feb 1, 2016 SForm 4 → | Feb 3, 4:20 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,000 | $44.31 | $88,620 | 89,562 | −2.18% | plan? |
| Feb 1, 2016 MForm 4 → | Feb 3, 4:20 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,000 | $23.30 | $46,600 | 91,562 | — | plan? |
| Jan 4, 2016 SForm 4 → | Jan 5, 4:16 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $47.01 | $197,442 | 89,562 | −4.48% | plan? |
| Jan 4, 2016 MForm 4 → | Jan 5, 4:16 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $29.34 | $123,248 | 91,762 | — | plan? |
| Jan 3, 2016 SForm 4 → | Jan 4, 2017, 4:31 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,200 | $54.51 | $119,922 | 107,872 | −2.00% | plan? late |
| Jan 3, 2016 MForm 4 → | Jan 4, 2017, 4:31 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 2,200 | $34.84 | $76,648 | 110,072 | — | plan? late |
| Dec 17, 2015 FMForm 4 → | Dec 21, 4:15 pm EST | Ricardo AnzalduaEVP and General Counsel | 21,893 | $47.47 | $372,307 | 7,561 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:26 pm EST | Frans HijkoopEVP & Chief HR Officer | 182 | $47.12 | $8,563 | 39,270 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:23 pm EST | Cheryl W GriseDirector | 264 | $47.12 | $12,442 | 38,152 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:22 pm EST | Robert Glenn HubbardDirector | 225 | $47.12 | $10,585 | 36,230 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:22 pm EST | Edward J Kelly IIIDirector | 24 | $47.12 | $1,136 | 3,054 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:21 pm EST | Alfred F Kelly Jr.Director | 177 | $47.12 | $8,361 | 31,451 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:21 pm EST | William E KennardDirector | 54 | $47.12 | $2,564 | 6,893 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:20 pm EST | James M KiltsDirector | 269 | $47.12 | $12,685 | 34,373 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:20 pm EST | Catherine R KinneyDirector | 125 | $47.12 | $5,884 | 29,667 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:19 pm EST | Steven A KandarianChairman, President & CEO, Director | 1,051 | $47.12 | $49,539 | 259,836 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:19 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 286 | $47.12 | $13,489 | 89,562 | — | plan? |
| Dec 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Dec 15, 4:18 pm EST | Kenton J SicchitanoDirector | 21 | $47.12 | $978 | 26,968 | — | plan? |
| Dec 2, 2015 SForm 4 → | Dec 4, 4:21 pm EST | Kenton J SicchitanoDirector | 9,503 | $50.78 | $482,597 | 26,947 | — | plan? |
| Dec 1, 2015 SForm 4 → | Dec 3, 4:16 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $51.23 | $215,153 | 89,275 | −4.49% | plan? |
| Dec 1, 2015 MForm 4 → | Dec 3, 4:16 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $29.34 | $123,248 | 91,475 | — | plan? |
| Nov 2, 2015 SForm 4 → | Nov 3, 4:14 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $50.60 | $212,520 | 89,275 | −4.49% | plan? |
| Nov 2, 2015 MForm 4 → | Nov 3, 4:14 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $29.34 | $123,248 | 91,475 | — | plan? |
| Oct 1, 2015 SForm 4 → | Oct 2, 4:18 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $47.22 | $198,324 | 89,275 | −4.49% | plan? |
| Oct 1, 2015 MForm 4 → | Oct 2, 4:18 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | $29.34 | $123,248 | 91,475 | — | plan? |
| Sep 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Sep 15, 4:14 pm EDT | Edward J Kelly IIIDirector | 23 | $48.53 | $1,128 | 3,030 | — | plan? |
| Sep 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Sep 15, 4:14 pm EDT | Alfred F Kelly Jr.Director | 171 | $48.53 | $8,297 | 31,274 | — | plan? |
| Sep 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Sep 15, 4:13 pm EDT | William E KennardDirector | 52 | $48.53 | $2,545 | 6,838 | — | plan? |
| Sep 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Sep 15, 4:13 pm EDT | James M KiltsDirector | 259 | $48.53 | $12,588 | 34,104 | — | plan? |
| Sep 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Sep 15, 4:12 pm EDT | Catherine R KinneyDirector | 120 | $48.53 | $5,839 | 29,542 | — | plan? |
| Sep 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Sep 15, 4:12 pm EDT | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 276 | $48.53 | $13,385 | 89,275 | — | plan? |
| Sep 11, 2015 AForm 4 → | Sep 15, 4:11 pm EDT | Robert Glenn HubbardDirector | 216 | $48.53 | $10,504 | 36,006 | — | plan? |
Reported at this company — derivatives (options, RSUs, warrants)
| Trade | Reported (ET) | Insider | Shares | Avg price | Total | Owned after | Δ stake | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:20 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 31,135 | — | — | 7,784 | — | |
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:19 pm EST | Martin J LippertEVP Global Technology | 52,540 | — | — | 13,135 | — | |
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:17 pm EST | Frans HijkoopEVP & Chief HR Officer | 31,135 | — | — | 7,784 | — | |
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:17 pm EST | Michel KhalafPresident, EMEA | 31,135 | — | — | 7,784 | — | |
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:16 pm EST | Steven A KandarianChairman, President & CEO, Director | 194,591 | — | — | 48,648 | — | |
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:15 pm EST | John C.R. HeleEVP & Chief Financial Officer | 58,377 | — | — | 14,594 | — | |
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:14 pm EST | Steven J GoulartEVP & Chief Investment Officer | 38,919 | — | — | 9,730 | — | |
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:14 pm EST | Peter M CarlsonEVP & Chief Accounting Officer | 15,080 | — | — | 3,770 | — | |
| Feb 24, 2015 AForm 4 → | Feb 26, 4:13 pm EST | Ricardo AnzalduaEVP and General Counsel | 31,135 | — | — | 7,784 | — | |
| Feb 13, 2015 MForm 4 → | Feb 18, 4:42 pm EST | William J WheelerPresident, Americas | 35,000 | — | — | 0 | — | |
| Feb 2, 2015 MForm 4 → | Feb 3, 4:12 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | — | — | 50,600 | — | |
| Jan 12, 2015 AForm 4 → | Jan 13, 4:17 pm EST | Esther LeeEVP & Chief Marketing Officer | 15,864 | — | — | 15,864 | — | |
| Jan 2, 2015 MForm 4 → | Jan 5, 4:56 pm EST | Maria R MorrisEVP, Global Employee Benefits | 4,200 | — | — | 52,800 | — |
Filed by this entity as an insider elsewhere — common stock
| Trade | Reported (ET) | Company | Shares | Avg price | Total | Owned after | Δ stake | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 25, 2018 GForm 4 → | Jun 26, 4:36 pm EDT | Brighthouse Financial, Inc.BHF | 90 | — | — | 0 | — | plan? |
| Jun 14, 2018 SForm 4 → | Jun 18, 4:39 pm EDT | Brighthouse Financial, Inc.BHF | 23,155,117 | $44.50 | $1,030,402,707 | 0 | −100% | plan? amended |
| Aug 3, 2017 AForm 4 → | Aug 3, 7:56 pm EDT | Brighthouse Financial, Inc.BHF | 119,673,106 | — | — | 119,773,106 | — | plan? |
| Jul 19, 2017 JForm 4/A → | Aug 7, 4:40 pm EDT | Brighthouse Financial, Inc.BHF | 96,776,670 | — | — | 23,154,101 | — | plan? |
| Jul 19, 2017 JForm 4 → | Jul 20, 4:17 pm EDT | Brighthouse Financial, Inc.BHF | 80,100 | — | — | 19,900 | — | plan? amended |
Filed by this entity as an insider elsewhere — derivatives (options, RSUs, warrants)
No reported derivative activity in this period.